september 2023
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Inside the September Issue |
Drug Testing
Urinalysis vs. Oral Fluid Testing
BY YVETTE FARNSWORTH BAKER, ESQ.
When making decisions about workplace drug testing, one of the big choices is deciding what bodily fluid sample to test. One of the most longstanding test samples is the urine test, but does longstanding always mean best?
One problem with urine testing is the dilemma of the observed collection. Urinating is an extremely private matter and no one wants to be watched while doing it. However, total privacy during the collection of a urine sample opens the door to drug test cheating.
When an individual has complete privacy to submit a urine sample, they can dilute the sample, add substances to it, use synthetic urine or use urine from another person. Collectors have methods to attempt to combat these tricks, but they are costly, time-consuming and are not fool proof. Employers also feel much more secure when acting on a positive drug test rather than on a diluted or potentially tampered test.
There are some individuals with a legitimate medical condition that makes it difficult for them to produce a urine sample on command, called “shy bladder” or paruresis. Paruresis affects about 7 percent of the population; there are some individuals seeking to skirt a urine test who claim the inability to urinate but have no medical reason for doing so. Handling such employee issues with respect is complicated, timeconsuming and costly.
Location
Urine testing at the workplace is tricky,
and more often than not, it is done at a collection
site away from the workplace. While
not impossible, organizing a location in the
workplace where urine collection can be
hygienic and free from tampering is complicated.
Frequently, water sources are
turned off, and dyes are used in toilets so that an employee cannot dilute their urine
sample with outside water. Collectors need
a place in close proximity to monitor for
tampering and to collect the sample from
the employee as quickly as possible.
At the same time, having employees travel to and from a collection site takes time and costs money, which can impact productivity.
Historical drug use
Another con to urine testing is that, for
some drugs, historical drug use is captured
much more reliably than recent use. Marijuana
is an example of one such substance. Full story »
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